Abstract
Although the role of Toll-like receptors in extracellular bacterial sensing has been investigated intensively, intracellular detection of bacteria through Nod molecules remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that human Nod1 specifically detects a unique diaminopimelate-containing N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic acid (GlcNAc-MurNAc) tripeptide motif found in Gram-negative bacterial peptidoglycan, resulting in activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB pathway. Moreover, we show that in epithelial cells (which represent the first line of defense against invasive pathogens), Nod1is indispensable for intracellular Gram-negative bacterial sensing.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing*
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Amino Acid Motifs
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Animals
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Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / chemistry
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Carrier Proteins / physiology*
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Cell Line
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Cytoplasm / microbiology
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Epithelial Cells / metabolism
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Epithelial Cells / microbiology
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Gram-Negative Bacteria / chemistry*
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Gram-Negative Bacteria / immunology
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Gram-Positive Bacteria / chemistry
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Gram-Positive Bacteria / immunology
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Interleukin-8 / metabolism
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins*
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Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
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Mice
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Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
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NF-kappa B / chemistry
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein
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Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
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Oligopeptides / analysis*
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Oligopeptides / chemistry
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Peptidoglycan / chemistry*
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Peptidoglycan / pharmacology
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Receptors, Immunologic / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Trisaccharides / analysis*
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Trisaccharides / chemistry
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Antigens, Differentiation
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Carrier Proteins
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GM-tripeptide, Neisseria meningitidis
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Interleukin-8
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Lipopolysaccharides
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MYD88 protein, human
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Myd88 protein, mouse
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Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
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NF-kappa B
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NOD1 protein, human
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NOD2 protein, human
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Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein
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Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
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Oligopeptides
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Peptidoglycan
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Trisaccharides