Radiotherapy is a component of the treatment regimen for the majority of patients with low-grade gliomas. Therefore, the effect of radiotherapy on the long-term cognitive performance of these patients is a major concern. This article reviews the neurocognitive effects of radiotherapy on patients with low-grade gliomas. The weight of evidence suggests only sporadic, limited neurocognitive damage from focal radiotherapy at the doses usually prescribed for low-grade gliomas.