Epstein-Barr virus infects more than 95% of the human population and is linked to infectious mononucleosis as well as a series of geographically-defined cancers. To date, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine available for Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. New immunotherapeutic approaches, based on cytotoxic T-cells, are being developed depending on the degree of Epstein-Barr virus antigen expression in infected cells. It is hoped that these approaches will provide enough impetus for cytotoxic T-cell-based vaccine development. Approaches for developing vaccines towards the different Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases are discussed.