Abstract
Antihistamines are frequently employed in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria-angioedema syndrome. We analyzed the in vitro effects of cetirizine on the immune response. To this end the proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells induced by mitogen and by -CD3, -CD2, or -CD28 monoclonal antibodies has been studied. Since the plasma peak of cetirizine following ingestion of 10 mg is about 1 microgram/mL, the drug was tested in the cultures at the concentration of 0.1, 1, or 10 micrograms/mL. No influence of cetirizine on T cell proliferation was detected. We also evaluated the effect of cetirizine on the expression of the following markers expressed by T cells upon activation: lymphocyte markers ICAM-1, HLA-DR, and CD25 surface expression, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has been also studied. There was no effect of cetirizine on the investigated immunologic parameters; these data acquire clinical relevance when related to previous reports showing a depression of the immunologic response exerted by other compounds such as ketotifen and theophylline and when related to the recent data about the modulation of ICAM-1 expression on eosinophils by cetirizine. Cetirizine does not affect ICAM-1 expression of lymphocyte membrane.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
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Antibody Formation / drug effects*
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Antigens, CD / immunology
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Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / immunology
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CD28 Antigens
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CD3 Complex
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CD4 Antigens / immunology
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Cell Adhesion Molecules / analysis
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Cell Division / drug effects
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Cetirizine
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Female
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HLA-DR Antigens / analysis
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Histamine H1 Antagonists / blood
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Histamine H1 Antagonists / therapeutic use*
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Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / analysis
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Humans
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Hydroxyzine / analogs & derivatives*
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Hydroxyzine / blood
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Hydroxyzine / therapeutic use
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
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Ketotifen / pharmacology
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Male
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Mitogens / pharmacology
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Orosomucoid / analysis
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / immunology
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Receptors, Interleukin-2 / analysis
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T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Theophylline / pharmacology
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antigens, CD
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Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
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CD28 Antigens
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CD3 Complex
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CD4 Antigens
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Cell Adhesion Molecules
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HLA-DR Antigens
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Histamine H1 Antagonists
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Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
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Mitogens
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Orosomucoid
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
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Receptors, Interleukin-2
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
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Hydroxyzine
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Theophylline
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Ketotifen
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Cetirizine