The efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy was examined for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between April 1986 and May 1992. We investigated the serial serum AFP level in patients with HCC. In 9 of 18 patients, the AFP level decreased promptly to 70% of the pretreatment level after this treatment. In 29 HCC patients with intrahepatic metastasis or portal thrombosis, 10 cases survived more than one year. However, only 3 cases survived more than two years after treatment. Our results suggest that we should carefully select appropriate drugs sensitive to HCC and also give careful consideration to the resistance to anti-cancer drugs.