Rupture of the trachea is an exceptional obstetrical lesion. The infant reported in this paper, at 1 hour of age, developed respiratory distress with pneumomediastinum, bilateral pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. This resulted from the fact that the trachea had ruptured, within 1 cm of the carina, during the difficult delivery. When the child was 23 days old, operation proved necessary because extubation was not feasible. The stenotic portion of the trachea was resected and continuity restored by end-to-end anastomosis. The tracheal lumen at the site of the anastomosis proved normal by bronchoscopic examination 4 months after the operation. There is only one similar case in the literature. The etiology of this rupture is discussed.