Disseminated varicella infection due to the vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus, in a patient with a novel deficiency in natural killer T cells

J Infect Dis. 2003 Oct 1;188(7):948-53. doi: 10.1086/378503. Epub 2003 Sep 26.

Abstract

An 11-year-old girl presented with a papulovesicular rash and severe respiratory distress 5 weeks after receiving varicella vaccine. Restriction fragment length-polymorphism analysis of virus isolated from an endotracheal-tube aspirate and from bronchoalveolar lavage revealed that this patient's illness was due to the Oka vaccine strain of varicella. An extensive immunologic analysis failed to identify a known diagnostic entity to explain her susceptibility to this attenuated vaccine strain. Analysis of her lymphocytes on separate occasions, months after recovery from her illness, revealed a profound deficiency of natural killer T (NKT) cells and of NKT-cell activity, suggesting that NKT cells contribute to host defense against varicella virus.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • Chickenpox Vaccine / adverse effects*
  • Chickenpox Vaccine / therapeutic use
  • Child
  • DNA, Viral / chemistry
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Female
  • Herpes Zoster / immunology*
  • Herpes Zoster / pathology
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / genetics
  • Herpesvirus 3, Human / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immune System / cytology
  • Immune System / pathology
  • Immunocompromised Host / immunology*
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology*
  • Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
  • Vaccination / adverse effects*
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / adverse effects
  • Vaccines, Attenuated / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antigens, Viral
  • Chickenpox Vaccine
  • DNA, Viral
  • Vaccines, Attenuated