Therapists as fixed versus random effects-some statistical and conceptual issues: a comment on Siemer and Joormann (2003)

Psychol Methods. 2003 Dec;8(4):518-23. doi: 10.1037/1082-989X.8.4.518.

Abstract

The authors disagree with M. Siemer and J. Joormann's assertion that therapist should be a fixed effect in psychotherapy treatment outcome studies. If treatment is properly standardized, therapist effects can be examined in preliminary tests and the therapist term deleted from analyses if such differences approach zero. If therapist effects are anticipated and either cannot be minimized through standardization or are specifically of interest because of the nature of the research question, the study has to be planned with adequate statistical power for including therapist as a random term. Simulation studies conducted by Siemer and Joormann confounded bias due to small sample size and inconsistent estimates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
  • Comment

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance*
  • Bias
  • Humans
  • Likelihood Functions
  • Models, Statistical
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care / statistics & numerical data
  • Psychometrics / statistics & numerical data*
  • Psychotherapy / statistics & numerical data*
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / psychology*
  • Reproducibility of Results