Do multiple venous anastomoses reduce risk of thrombosis in free-flap transfer? Efficacy of dual anastomoses of separate venous systems

Ann Plast Surg. 2004 Jan;52(1):61-3. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000096425.18223.60.

Abstract

Whether or not multiple venous anastomoses reduce the risk of free-flap failure is a subject of controversy. We report here, for the first time, on the importance of selecting 2 separate venous systems of the flap for dual anastomoses. The efficacy of multiple anastomoses was verified through a retrospective review of 310 cases of the free radial forearm flap transfer. Dual anastomoses of separate venous systems (the superficial and the deep) showed a lower incidence of venous insufficiency than single anastomosis did (0.7% versus 7.5%; P < 0.05). On the other hand, dual anastomoses of a sole venous system showed no significant difference in the incidence of venous insufficiency compared with single anastomosis (11.5% versus 7.5%; P = 0.48). Our results suggest that dual venous anastomoses of separate venous systems is conducive to reduced risk of flap failure and affords protection against venous catastrophe through a self-compensating mechanism that obviates thrombosis of either anastomosis.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Arteriovenous Anastomosis*
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Female
  • Forearm / blood supply
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Surgical Flaps*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Venous Insufficiency / epidemiology
  • Venous Insufficiency / etiology
  • Venous Thrombosis / epidemiology
  • Venous Thrombosis / etiology