Implanted epineural electrodes were used for the longitudinal assessment of peripheral nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and compound action potential (CAP) amplitude in rats. Custom-fabricated stimulating and recording electrodes were sutured over the tibial and sciatic nerves, respectively, and were used for weekly recordings of CAP latency and amplitude. Intra-day variability of nerve conduction velocity measurements had coefficients of variation of less than 2% for same day recordings from individual subjects. A clear trend in recovery of the NCV values following implant was observed over the 7-week trial period. These results demonstrate that implanted epineural electrodes provide a reliable method for chronic, in vivo monitoring of nerve conduction parameters in rodents.