Use of a Design of Experiments approach for the optimisation of a microwave assisted Ugi reaction

Org Biomol Chem. 2004 Mar 21;2(6):813-5. doi: 10.1039/b400298a. Epub 2004 Feb 9.

Abstract

The utility of a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for the rapid and efficient optimisation of a microwave assisted Ugi 3cc reaction of levulinic acid is demonstrated. DoE methods have also been applied to the assessment of the reaction scope for a range of amine and isonitrile substrates. The optimal procedure developed using this approach has enabled the preparation of lactam derivatives in moderate to excellent yields (17-90%) in a reaction time of only 30 min compared to the conventional methodology which required up to 48 h.