Abstract
Malaria parasites must complete a complex developmental cycle in an Anopheles mosquito vector before transmission to a vertebrate host. Sexual development of the parasite in the midgut is initiated in the lumen immediately after the mosquito ingests infected blood, and the resulting ookinetes must traverse the surrounding epithelial layer before transforming into oocysts. The innate immune system of the mosquito is activated during midgut invasion, but to date, no evidence has been published identifying mosquito immune genes that affect parasite development. Here, we show by gene silencing that an Anopheles gambiae leucine rich-repeat protein acts as an antagonist and two C-type lectines act as protective agonists on the development of Plasmodium ookinetes to oocysts.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Anopheles / genetics*
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Anopheles / immunology
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Anopheles / parasitology*
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Digestive System / parasitology
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Epistasis, Genetic
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Epithelium / parasitology
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Gene Silencing
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Genes, Insect*
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Immunity, Innate
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Insect Proteins / chemistry
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Insect Proteins / genetics
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Insect Proteins / physiology*
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Insect Vectors / genetics*
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Insect Vectors / immunology
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Insect Vectors / parasitology
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Lectins, C-Type / genetics
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Lectins, C-Type / physiology*
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Malaria / parasitology
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Malaria / prevention & control
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Malaria / transmission
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Melanins / metabolism
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Phenotype
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Plasmodium berghei / growth & development*
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Plasmodium berghei / immunology
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RNA Interference
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RNA, Double-Stranded
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Insect Proteins
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Lectins, C-Type
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Melanins
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RNA, Double-Stranded