Abstract
We found human T-cell leukemia virus type 1- and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1)-related infections in 5 of 10 chimpanzees originating from three groups of wild chimpanzees. The new virus isolates showed a surprising heterogeneity not only in comparison to STLV-1 described previously in other primate species but also between the different chimpanzee groups, within a group, or even between strains isolated from an individual animal. The interdisciplinary combination of virology, molecular epidemiology, and long-term behavioral studies suggests that the primary route of infection might be interspecies transmission from other primates, such as red colobus monkeys, that are hunted and consumed by chimpanzees.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Animals, Wild / virology
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Ape Diseases / transmission
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Ape Diseases / virology*
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Base Sequence
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Colobus / virology
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Cote d'Ivoire
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DNA, Viral / genetics
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Deltaretrovirus Infections / transmission
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Deltaretrovirus Infections / veterinary
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Deltaretrovirus Infections / virology
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Evolution, Molecular
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Female
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Genetic Variation
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HTLV-I Infections / transmission
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HTLV-I Infections / veterinary
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HTLV-I Infections / virology
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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / genetics
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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / isolation & purification
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Male
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Pan troglodytes / virology*
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Phylogeny
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Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / classification
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Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / genetics*
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Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / isolation & purification*
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Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / pathogenicity
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Species Specificity