This year's conference provided newer insights on the complications of antiretroviral therapy, as well as into the complications that arise from HIV infection itself. Many presentations at the conference centered around metabolic complications of therapy, including lipid abnormalities, diabetes, body composition changes, bone disorders, and cardiovascular disease. New data on complications of HIV infection itself were presented, including those on coinfections with hepatitis B, C, and herpes simplex viruses, malaria, and tuberculosis, as well as complications that are important during pregnancy. This article summarizes these presentations.