Recurrence of the original disease is now the third most frequent cause of allograft loss at 10 years after transplantation in patients with underlying glomerulonephritis. IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common type of glomerulonephritis, histologically recurs in up to 60% of the patients. Initially considered to be a relatively benign phenomenon, several studies, which included a total of almost 1200 patients with underlying IgAN, have now established that after a mean follow up of 5 years, approximately 13% of the patients will exhibit some recurrence-related renal graft dysfunction and approximately 5% will have lost their graft as a result of recurrent IgAN. The only established predictor of graft loss is the time elapsed since renal transplantation. The risk of recurrence-associated graft loss increases to approximately 25% if a prior graft has already been lost as a result of recurrent IgAN. Whether living, related donor kidneys are at higher risk for recurrence is controversial. Despite all these issues, graft survival in patients with underlying IgAN compared with patients with other renal diseases is excellent. In patients with recurrent IgAN, no specific therapy other than optimal supportive care has been established.