Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a new, relatively noninvasive surgical procedure for treating patients with TMJ dysfunctions beyond management by nonsurgical means. Ninety-two patients who underwent diagnostic and operative TMJ arthroscopy completed a staged physical therapy regimen, which resulted in functional mobility and mandibular use with little or no pain at 24-month follow-up. This report introduces TMJ arthroscopic diagnostic and surgical procedures and their respective rehabilitative protocols currently used to provide beneficial outcomes in postoperative treatment.