In this study, we measured serum prolactin (PRL), cortisol, growth hormone, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients admitted with small-to-moderate burn injuries. Serum samples were obtained at the time of admission from 49 adult male burn patients with ages ranging from 18 to 91 years and TBSA ranging from 0.001 to 60%. The levels of serum PRL, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1beta correlated positively with the TBSA, whereas only serum IL-8 levels correlated positively with fatality. Each of these factors were increased at least 2-fold at the higher burn severity. Not surprisingly, there was a large degree of variability in the hormone and cytokine levels in this patient population, which presumably reflects individual levels of stress, as well as other physiological variables. We also studied relationships between serum hormone levels and serum cytokine levels in this context. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the serum PRL level and the levels of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-8. These results indicate that PRL responds to burn injury at early time points and that a subset of cytokines are involved in the early response to burn injury.