Objective: To examine the specifity of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and child behaviour problems.
Method: In a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 362 children at risk parental tobacco use, cognitive and social-emotional child outcome and characteristics of family environment were assessed.
Results: About a quarter of mothers reported regular tobacco use during pregnancy. Children in this group exhibited enhanced rates of ADHD. This association held even after adjustment for a number of covariates.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may represent an independent risk factor for ADHD in the offspring.