The large number of post-transplantation patients overwhelm the capacity of most transplantation centers (TC) to provide aftercare, with the result that close cooperation has been established between transplantation centers and ambulatory centers. Surveillance of immunosuppression, but also the treatment of concomitant cardiovascular diseases and the elevated tumorigenesis rate in transplanted patients, presuppose a high degree of readiness to undergo further education on a permanent basis. Furthermore, patient compliance is a factor of decisive importance for ensuring optimal care by the general physician. In close cooperation with the TC, the latter bears a considerable burden of responsibility for the lifelong aftercare of such patients.