Abstract
Transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) occurs early after T cell receptor triggering and has functional implications in inflammation. Here, we show that phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors block COX-2 induction and prostaglandin synthesis in activated T cells. COX-2 inhibition by PDE4 inhibitors occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. Two response elements for the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in the COX-2 promoter were required for inhibition by these drugs. PDE4 inhibitors did not affect NFAT nuclear translocation upon T cell activation; rather they prevented NFAT binding to DNA and induction of the transactivation function of GAL4-NFAT. These effects seem to be cAMP/PKA independent as they were not mimicked by the permeable analog dBcAMP or by forskolin, neither can be reverted by the PKA inhibitors H89 or KT-5720. These results may explain some of the anti-inflammatory properties of PDE4 inhibitors through the blockade of NFAT-mediated transactivation of pro-inflammatory genes such as COX-2.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Carbazoles / pharmacology
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Colforsin / pharmacology
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Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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DNA / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Humans
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Immunoblotting
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Indoles / pharmacology
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Isoquinolines / pharmacology
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Jurkat Cells
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Luciferases / metabolism
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Membrane Proteins
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
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Plasmids / metabolism
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / biosynthesis*
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Protein Binding
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Pyrroles / pharmacology
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Rolipram / pharmacology
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Sulfonamides / pharmacology
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / metabolism*
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Transcriptional Activation
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Transfection
Substances
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Carbazoles
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Indoles
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Isoquinolines
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Membrane Proteins
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NFATC Transcription Factors
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Nuclear Proteins
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Pyrroles
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RNA, Messenger
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Sulfonamides
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Transcription Factors
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Colforsin
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KT 5720
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DNA
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Luciferases
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases
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Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
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Rolipram
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N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide