Background: Sequential anti-thymocyte globulins (ATG)/cyclosporine immunosuppression has two main advantages: delayed introduction of the nephrotoxic drug cyclosporine and prevention of acute rejection. Basiliximab, a recently developed chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively depletes the minor subpopulation of activated T lymphocytes, has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute rejection when used with cyclosporine introduced on day 1.
Methods: This open, randomized, multicenter study was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of ATG versus basiliximab induction therapy (IT) with delayed introduction of cyclosporine for microemulsion (Neoral) in 105 low immunologic risk renal-transplant patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil and steroids.
Results: One-year patient and graft survival rates were 98.1% and 94.2%, respectively, in the basiliximab group (n = 52), and 98.1% and 96.2% in the ATG group (n = 53). The incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was comparable (basiliximab 9.6%, ATG 9.4%), as were key parameters of renal function, notably serum creatinine levels, time-to-nadir serum creatinine, and the number of patients requiring posttransplantation dialysis (basiliximab 28.8%, ATG 30.2%). However, significantly fewer patients in the basiliximab group experienced cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and this without any significant difference in any other key safety parameters (including the incidences of serum sickness, fever, lymphoma, and infections in general).
Conclusions: Both ATG and basiliximab, when used for IT in a sequential protocol, are equally effective in terms of graft and patient survival as well as at preventing acute rejection. However, basiliximab is associated with a lower incidence of certain key adverse events, namely CMV infection, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.