Postprandial plasma ghrelin is suppressed proportional to meal calorie content in normal-weight but not obese subjects

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Feb;90(2):1068-71. doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1216. Epub 2004 Nov 2.

Abstract

Circulating levels of the gastric hormone ghrelin rise before and decrease after a meal. In normal-weight subjects, postprandial suppression of ghrelin is proportional to calories consumed. Obese individuals have lower fasting ghrelin levels; however, it is unclear whether the obese show normal postprandial suppression. This study aimed to compare postprandial ghrelin responses in normal-weight and obese subjects, using mixed macronutrient meals with varied fat and calorie content. Postprandial ghrelin response was measured in normal-weight insulin-sensitive subjects and obese insulin-resistant subjects, after six test meals with different fat and calorie content (250-3000 kcal). Increasing the calorie content of meals in normal-weight subjects progressively lowered nadir levels of ghrelin. The obese had lower fasting ghrelin levels, and the reduction after the consumption of all test meals was less than the normal-weight subjects. The lowest postprandial levels in the obese were no different to the nadir in normal-weight volunteers after 1000-, 2000-, and 3000-kcal meals. Thus, circulating ghrelin levels decreased in normal-weight subjects after mixed meals. Obese subjects demonstrated a much reduced ghrelin postprandial suppression. This reduced suppression may influence satiety, thus reinforcing obesity.

MeSH terms

  • Energy Intake*
  • Fasting
  • Ghrelin
  • Humans
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology*
  • Kinetics
  • Obesity / blood*
  • Peptide Hormones / blood*
  • Postprandial Period / physiology*
  • Reference Values

Substances

  • Ghrelin
  • Peptide Hormones