Acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Experience of a specialized management team

J Clin Gastroenterol. 1992 Apr;14(3):260-7. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199204000-00014.

Abstract

The initial experience of a specialized management team organized to provide expedient care for all acute major gastrointestinal bleeding in protocolized fashion at a large referral center is presented. Of the 417 patients, 56% developed bleeding while hospitalized. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding accounted for 82%. The five most common etiologies included gastric ulcers (83 patients), duodenal ulcers (67 patients), erosions (41 patients), varices (35 patients), and diverticulosis (29 patients). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were implicated in 53% of gastroduodenal ulcers. The incidence of nonbleeding visible vessels was 42% in gastric and 54% in duodenal ulcers. The rates of rebleeding were 24% (20 patients) in gastric ulcers and 28% (19 patients) in duodenal ulcers. Predictive factors for rebleeding included copious bright red blood, active arterial streaming, spurting, or a densely adherent clot. The rebleeding rate for esophagogastric varices was 57%. The mortality rate overall was 6% (27 patients), with rates varying from 3% (five patients) for gastroduodenal ulcers to 40% (14 patients) for esophagogastric varices. The morbidity rate for the entire patient population was 18% (77 patients), dominated by myocardial events (34 patients). The average length of hospitalization for gastroduodenal ulcers was 5 days, for diverticulosis 8 days, and for varices 10 days. The major efforts of a specialized Gastrointestinal Bleeding Team would be best directed at both reducing the morbidity associated with acute bleeding and reducing the overall cost of care.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Colonoscopy
  • Diverticulum, Colon / complications
  • Diverticulum, Colon / diagnosis
  • Duodenal Ulcer / complications
  • Duodenal Ulcer / diagnosis
  • Duodenal Ulcer / therapy
  • Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal*
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / complications
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / diagnosis
  • Esophageal and Gastric Varices / therapy
  • Female
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* / diagnosis
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* / etiology
  • Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* / therapy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / diagnosis
  • Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / therapy
  • Prospective Studies
  • Recurrence
  • Stomach Ulcer / complications
  • Stomach Ulcer / diagnosis
  • Stomach Ulcer / therapy