VEGF receptors on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells interact with STAT 1 and 3: implication for apoptosis resistance

Leukemia. 2005 Apr;19(4):513-23. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403667.

Abstract

We have previously shown that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro, have constitutively active VEGF receptors R1 and R2, and respond to exogenous VEGF by specifically upregulating Mcl-1 and XIAP in association with decreased cell death. We found that epigallocatechin (EGCG) decreases VEGF receptor phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in CLL B cells. The mechanism(s) by which VEGF receptor activation increases Mcl-1 and XIAP and promotes survival remains unknown. To further define the signaling pathway mediating VEGF induction of antiapoptotic proteins in CLL B-cells, we investigated downstream effects of VEGF-VEGF receptor binding on the STAT signaling pathway. We find that CLL B cells abundantly express cytoplasmic serine phosphorylated (p)-STAT-1 and p-STAT-3, VEGF-R1/2 are physically associated with p-STAT-1 and p-STAT-3, and p-STAT-3 (but not p-STAT-1) is found in the CLL nucleus. VEGF receptor ligation selectively induces activation and perinuclear translocation of STAT 3 through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The inhibition of VEGF receptor activation with either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or VEGF neutralizing antibodies inhibit VEGF receptor phosphorylation, decrease p-STAT-3 (serine 727), Mcl-1, and induces cell death in CLL B cells. Thus, a VEGF-VEGF receptor pathway in CLL B cells can be linked to activation of STAT proteins that are able to enhance their apoptotic resistance.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis*
  • Autocrine Communication
  • B-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / metabolism*
  • Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / pathology
  • Phosphorylation
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • Serine / metabolism
  • Trans-Activators / metabolism*
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / pharmacology
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / metabolism*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / metabolism*

Substances

  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • STAT1 Transcription Factor
  • STAT1 protein, human
  • STAT3 Transcription Factor
  • STAT3 protein, human
  • Trans-Activators
  • VEGFA protein, human
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • Serine
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2