PKC-induced sensitization of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis is mediated by reducing the Ca2+ cooperativity in pituitary gonadotropes

J Gen Physiol. 2005 Mar;125(3):327-34. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200409230. Epub 2005 Feb 14.

Abstract

The highly cooperative nature of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis is very important for the precise regulation of transmitter release. It is not known whether the number of binding sites on the Ca2+ sensor can be modulated or not. We have previously reported that protein kinase C (PKC) activation sensitizes the Ca2+ sensor for exocytosis in pituitary gonadotropes. To further unravel the underlying mechanism of how the Ca2+ sensor is modulated by protein phosphorylation, we have performed kinetic modeling of the exocytotic burst and investigated how the kinetic parameters of Ca2+-triggered fusion are affected by PKC activation. We propose that PKC sensitizes exocytosis by reducing the number of calcium binding sites on the Ca2+ sensor (from three to two) without significantly altering the Ca2+-binding kinetics. The reduction in the number of Ca2+-binding steps lowers the threshold for release and up-regulates release of fusion-competent vesicles distant from Ca2+ channels.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites / drug effects
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Exocytosis / drug effects*
  • Gonadotropins, Pituitary / metabolism*
  • Kinetics
  • Male
  • Models, Biological
  • Pituitary Gland, Anterior / metabolism*
  • Protein Kinase C / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / metabolism

Substances

  • Gonadotropins, Pituitary
  • Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
  • Protein Kinase C
  • Calcium