Wave-energy patterns in carotid, brachial, and radial arteries: a noninvasive approach using wave-intensity analysis

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Jul;289(1):H270-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00636.2003. Epub 2005 Feb 18.

Abstract

The study of wave propagation at different points in the arterial circulation may provide useful information regarding ventriculoarterial interactions. We describe a number of hemodynamic parameters in the carotid, brachial, and radial arteries of normal subjects by using noninvasive techniques and wave-intensity analysis (WIA). Twenty-one normal adult subjects (14 men and 7 women, mean age 44 +/- 6 yr) underwent applanation tonometry and pulsed-wave Doppler studies of the right common carotid, brachial, and radial arteries. After ensemble averaging of the pressure and flow-velocity data, local hydraulic work was determined and a pressure-flow velocity loop was used to determine local wave speed. WIA was then applied to determine the magnitude, timings, and energies of individual waves. At all sites, forward-traveling (S) and backward-traveling (R) compression waves were observed in early systole. In mid- and late systole, forward-traveling expansion waves (X and D) were also seen. Wave speed was significantly higher in the brachial (6.97 +/- 0.58 m/s) and radial (6.78 +/- 0.62 m/s) arteries compared with the carotid artery (5.40 +/- 0.34 m/s; P < 0.05). S-wave energy was greatest in the brachial artery (993.5 +/- 87.8 mJ/m2), but R-wave energy was greatest in the radial artery (176.9 +/- 19.9 mJ/m2). X-wave energy was significantly higher in the brachial and radial arteries (176.4 +/- 32.7 and 163.2 +/- 30.5 mJ/m2, respectively) compared with the carotid artery (41.0 +/- 9.4 mJ/m2; P < 0.001). WIA illustrates important differences in wave patterns between peripheral arteries and may provide a method for understanding ventriculo-arterial interactions in the time domain.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Blood Flow Velocity
  • Blood Pressure*
  • Brachial Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Brachial Artery / physiology*
  • Carotid Artery, Common / diagnostic imaging
  • Carotid Artery, Common / physiology*
  • Female
  • Hemodynamics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Radial Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Radial Artery / physiology*
  • Regional Blood Flow
  • Ultrasonography