The processes of DNA replication and recombination are intertwined at many different levels. In diverse systems, extensive DNA replication can be triggered by genetic recombination, with assembly of a replication complex onto a D-loop recombination intermediate. This and related pathways of replisome assembly allow the completion of DNA replication when forks initiated at a conventional replication origin fail before completing replication of the genome. In addition, the repair of double-strand breaks or gaps by homologous recombination requires at least limited DNA replication to replace the missing information. An intricate interplay between replication and recombination is also evident during the termination of bacterial DNA replication and during the induction of the bacterial SOS response to DNA damage.