Tidal breathing analysis is a method which has the potential to be used for distinguishing and follow-up of airflow obstruction (AFO) in infants, children and critically ill patients. The aim of the present study was to analyse the tidal breathing parameters (TBP) in healthy and in asthmatic school-age children and to compare them with the parameters of forced expiration.
Subjects: Two hundred and twenty five healthy children and 100 asthmatics (7 to 14 years- old) took part in the present study.
Results: The results show that TBPs exhibit great inter- and intraindividual variability, even if the mean value of 10 consecutive breathing cycles is used. Parameters that reflect the tidal expiratory flow pattern--V(PTEF)/V(E) and T(PTEF)/T(E) demonstrate high variability and no correlation with age, sex and anthropometric parameters in healthy children. These indices are useful for detection of acute changes in bronchomotor tonus in asthmatics - V(PTEF)/V(E) = 36.1 +/- 6.6% vs. 32.6 +/- 6.2% (methacholine) vs. 37.4 +/- 7.5% (salbutamol) and T(PTEF)/T(E) = 34.2 +/- 6.2% vs. 28.6 +/- 7.8% vs. 35.3 +/- 7.5%, resp. (P < 0.05 everywhere; n = 34) as well as for discriminating a group of subjects with AFO vs. controls (V(PTEF)/V(E) = 30.9 +/- 6.5% vs. 35.3 +/- 8.0%; P = 0.005, and T(PTEF)/T(E) = 29.0 +/- 6.7% vs. 32.8 +/- 7.6%; P = 0.016). The evaluation of the area under the ROC curves (AUC) in the asthmatic group showed weak discriminative capacity of T(PTEF)/T(E) and V(PTEF)/V(E) in comparison to FEV1 (AUC of T(PTEF)/T(E) = 0.62; 95%CI 0.51-0.74).
Conclusions: Tidal breathing parameters could add insight t.o the functional profile but are not capable of substituting forced expiration regarding detection of overt airflow obstruction in school-age children.