The review presents: a) a brief description of the disease; b) a summary of the most important metabolic targets so far identified in Trypanosome cruzi (T. cruzi) along with corresponding inhibitor compounds; c) the current state of knowledge on the trypanothione reductase system of trypanosomatids with reference to oxidative stress defenses; d) detailed discussions on T. cruzi trypanothione reductase inhibitors such as nitrofuranes, naphthoquinones and phenothiazines. As yet, the chemotherapy of Chagas' disease remains an unsolved problem. Further search for new drugs must continue by means of nucleating existing chemotherapy efforts.