Two cases of pleural involvement of dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) with pleural effusion are presented. DRA is one of the most important complications in long-term dialysis patients and beta2-microglobulin is the principal protein component of DRA, but pleural deposition of beta2-microglobulin amyloid has not yet been reported. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of pleural involvement of DRA presenting with pleural effusion. This case study suggests that pleural involvement of DRA should be considered when exudative pleural effusion is observed in patients undergoing long-term dialysis.