Whole-genome analyses of loss of heterozygosity and methylation analysis of four tumor-suppressor genes in N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced rat stomach carcinomas

Cancer Sci. 2005 Jul;96(7):409-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00068.x.

Abstract

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced rat stomach carcinomas are considered to be a good model for differentiated-type human stomach carcinomas. However, as for their molecular basis, only infrequent mutations of Catnb (beta-catenin) and Trp53 (p53) have been observed. Here, we carried out a whole-genome analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using 21 stomach carcinomas induced by MNNG in F(1) hybrids of ACI and BUF rats, and also analyzed promoter methylation of four tumor-suppressor genes. LOH analysis was performed using 130 polymorphic markers covering rat chromosomes 1-20 with an average interval of 20 Mbp. Despite adapting conditions so that LOH could be detected with up to a 50% contamination of stromal cells, no LOH was detected at any loci. CpG islands in putative promoter regions of four tumor-suppressor genes, Cdh1 (E-cadherin), Cdkn2a (p16), Mlh1, and Rassf1a, were analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, no methylation was detected. In contrast, the promoter region of Pgc (pepsinogen C), which lacks a CpG island, was methylated in all 21-cancer samples. These results indicated that LOH spanning a chromosomal region larger than 30-40 Mbp or silencing of Cdh1, Cdkn2a, Mlh1, and Rassf1a, was not involved in MNNG-induced rat stomach carcinomas. The search for other genes involved in these carcinomas needs to be continued.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Animals
  • Cadherins / genetics
  • Carrier Proteins
  • CpG Islands / genetics
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / genetics
  • DNA Methylation*
  • Genes, Tumor Suppressor*
  • Genome
  • Loss of Heterozygosity*
  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • MutL Protein Homolog 1
  • Neoplasm Proteins / genetics
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred ACI
  • Rats, Inbred BUF
  • Stomach Neoplasms / chemically induced
  • Stomach Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins / genetics

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Cadherins
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
  • MLH1 protein, human
  • Mlh1 protein, rat
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • RASSF1 protein, human
  • Tumor Suppressor Proteins
  • Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
  • MutL Protein Homolog 1