The dramatic decrease in the incidence of hepatitis A in France renders routine vaccination unecessary. However, the main problem concerns prophylaxis for persons exposed to an index case, because nonspecific immunoglobulins are recommended but unavailable in France for this indication. The vaccination of persons who come into contact with an index case is possible in the days following exposure. Some data relating to exposure within the household and in small communities, including nursery schools, have been reported: immunisation in such situations is effective and recommended by the British Advisory Board in the 7 days following exposure, but not in France. The availability of this form of protection and active individual prophylaxis should be suggested to families by clinicians.