Human cytomegalovirus inactivates the G0/G1-APC/C ubiquitin ligase by Cdh1 dissociation

Cell Cycle. 2005 Oct;4(10):1435-9. doi: 10.4161/cc.4.10.2077. Epub 2005 Oct 2.

Abstract

The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets regulators of the cell division cycle for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Discovered as a key regulator of mitosis, the APC/C has more recently been recognized to also play a limiting role in the control of G(0) maintenance, G(1)/S-transition and DNA-replication. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been shown to interfere with cell cycle regulation at different levels. It can induce an S phase-prone proliferation program in quiescent cells but at the same time this virus directly inhibits competitive cellular DNA replication. Here we show, that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inactivates the G(0)/G(1) APC/C rapidly after infection of quiescent fibroblasts, resulting in the untimely stabilization of APC/C substrates. APC/C inactivation is caused by the dissociation of its positive regulator, Cdh1. Surprisingly, this dissociation is independent from known Cdh1 inhibitors, Emi1 and Cyclin A, suggesting that APC/C-Cdh1 inhibition by HCMV is directly caused by a viral protein or an intermediate cellular factor distinct from Emi1 and Cyclin A. Thus, upon infection of quiescent cells HCMV not only activates the E2F-dependent G(1)/S transcription program but also facilitates protein accumulation of APC/C substrates by rapid Cdh1 dissociation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • Cdh1 Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytomegalovirus / physiology*
  • Enzyme Activation
  • F-Box Proteins
  • G1 Phase*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
  • Humans
  • Protein Binding
  • Resting Phase, Cell Cycle*
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / metabolism*
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cdc20 Proteins
  • Cdh1 Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • F-Box Proteins
  • FBXO5 protein, human
  • FZR1 protein, human
  • CDC20 protein, human
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
  • Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases