A 44-year-old Chinese-Indonesian man who underwent living-donor liver transplantation with a right liver graft presented 4 months later with a cough and fever. Chest X-ray showed a nodular shadow in the apex of the left lung, which was diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. After 1 week of antituberculous chemotherapy, we performed a left upper lobectomy. Postoperative antituberculous chemotherapy, consisting of isoniazid (300 mg/day) and rifampin (450 mg/day), was continued for 4 months, and there has been no sign of recurrence for 1 year since the thoracotomy. This case supports the feasibility of surgery for localized pulmonary tuberculosis soon after transplantation.