Anxious-retarded depression: relation to two-year outcome of major depressive disorder

J Affect Disord. 2006 Jan;90(1):77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.10.003. Epub 2005 Dec 1.

Abstract

Background: Anxious-retarded depression is a two-dimensionally defined subcategory of depression derived from DSM-IV melancholia. It is related to increased plasma vasopressin, correlative plasma vasopressin and cortisol levels, and a positive family history. We now explored its relation with outcome.

Methods: Seventy depressed patients were included to follow-up for two years. Outcome was defined by time until full-remission. Cox regression analyses were used to compare anxious-retarded and non-anxious-retarded patients, as well as melancholic and non-melancholic patients.

Results: Anxious-retarded depression had poor outcome.

Limitations: The number of patients was relatively small.

Conclusion: The poor outcome of anxious-retarded depression further supports its validity.

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / blood
  • Anxiety / epidemiology*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / blood
  • Depressive Disorder, Major / epidemiology*
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / blood
  • Psychomotor Disorders / blood
  • Psychomotor Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Vasopressins / blood

Substances

  • Vasopressins
  • Hydrocortisone