Abstract
Innate CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are infected and lost in HIV-1-infected patients, and this could contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis because NKT cells play an important role in directing both adaptive and innate immunity. Administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) to HIV-1-infected patients leads to substantial and sustained CD4+ T-cell expansion, involving both naive and memory cells. We investigated whether IL-2 treatment could restore the NKT cell compartment in patients with primary HIV-1 infection. We show that IL-2 combined with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in significant expansion of CD1d-restricted NKT cells. Expansion occurred in both the CD4- and CD4+ subsets of NKT cells, and expanded cells expressed the CD161 maturation marker while expression of the HIV coreceptor CCR5 was reduced. These data indicate that IL-2 treatment in combination with effective ART is beneficial for the restoration of innate NKT cell immunity in patients with primary HIV-1 infection.
Publication types
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Randomized Controlled Trial
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Anti-HIV Agents / administration & dosage*
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Anti-HIV Agents / immunology
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Antigens, CD1 / immunology
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Antigens, CD1d
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Antigens, Surface / immunology
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Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage*
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / virology
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
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Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
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HIV Infections / drug therapy*
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HIV Infections / immunology
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HIV-1* / immunology
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Humans
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Immunity, Cellular / drug effects
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Immunity, Cellular / immunology
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Immunity, Innate / drug effects
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Immunity, Innate / immunology
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Immunologic Memory / drug effects
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Immunologic Memory / immunology
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Interleukin-2 / administration & dosage*
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Interleukin-2 / immunology
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology*
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Killer Cells, Natural / virology
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Lectins, C-Type / immunology
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Male
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Middle Aged
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NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
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Receptors, CCR5 / immunology
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Recovery of Function / drug effects
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Recovery of Function / immunology
Substances
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Anti-HIV Agents
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Antigens, CD1
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Antigens, CD1d
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Antigens, Surface
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Antineoplastic Agents
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CD1D protein, human
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Interleukin-2
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KLRB1 protein, human
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Lectins, C-Type
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NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
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Receptors, CCR5