The role of defective complement control in hemolytic uremic syndrome

Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006 Mar;32(2):146-54. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-939770.

Abstract

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe disease that is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Recent evidence has shown that defective complement activation and defective complement control is a cause of HUS. So far, mutations in single genes coding for the cofactor and complement regulator factor H, the membrane cofactor protein (MCP/CD46), the serine protease factor I, and autoantibodies to factor H have been linked to HUS. All of these proteins affect the same enzyme the alternative pathway convertase C3bBb. This article explains how alternative pathway activation proceeds and how defective control increases activation, which ultimately leads to endothelial cell damage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Complement Factor H / genetics
  • Complement Pathway, Alternative
  • Complement System Proteins / metabolism*
  • Fibrinogen / genetics
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / blood*
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / genetics
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Membrane Cofactor Protein / genetics
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutation

Substances

  • CD46 protein, human
  • Membrane Cofactor Protein
  • Complement Factor H
  • Fibrinogen
  • Complement System Proteins