Emphysema tends to be complicated by diffuse abnormalities in the pulmonary peripheral microvasculature. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could provide a valid assessment of pulmonary blood flow as an indicator of the severity of emphysema. To do this, the authors compared MRI data with the pathological findings in lung tissue. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is a noninvasive method and can be used to repeatedly monitor clinicopathological severity. Using MRI clear pulmonary vascular information can be obtained easily, and the relative pulmonary blood flow in the lung parenchyma can be quantified.