Conventional peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) is a bioincompatible solution because of several components. These unphysiological compositions might contribute to the development of peritoneal fibrosis. In the present overview we summarize the influence of each composition of PDF (acidic pH, high concentration of glucose and glucose degradation products; advanced glycation end-products and lactate) on the peritoneal fibrotic changes in long peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We also summarized the report of new approaches to the prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in Japan.