Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycosphingolipids presented by CD1d molecules and have been linked to defense against microbial infections. Previously defined foreign glycosphingolipids recognized by NKT cells are uniquely found in nonpathogenic sphingomonas bacteria. Here we show that mouse and human NKT cells also recognized glycolipids, specifically a diacylglycerol, from Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease. The B. burgdorferi-derived, glycolipid-induced NKT cell proliferation and cytokine production and the antigenic potency of this glycolipid was dependent on acyl chain length and saturation. These data indicate that NKT cells recognize categories of glycolipids beyond those in sphingomonas and suggest that NKT cell responses driven by T cell receptor-mediated glycolipid recognition may provide protection against diverse pathogens.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigens, Bacterial / chemistry
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Antigens, Bacterial / immunology*
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Antigens, Bacterial / pharmacology
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Antigens, CD1 / immunology
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Antigens, CD1d
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Borrelia burgdorferi / immunology*
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Cells, Cultured
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Diglycerides / chemistry
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Diglycerides / metabolism
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Diglycerides / pharmacology
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Glycolipids / chemistry
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Glycolipids / immunology*
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Glycolipids / pharmacology
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Humans
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Killer Cells, Natural / drug effects
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Killer Cells, Natural / immunology*
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Lymphocyte Activation
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Protein Conformation
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Saponins / chemistry
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Saponins / immunology*
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Saponins / pharmacology
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T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
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Toll-Like Receptors / metabolism
Substances
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1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-oleyl-3-O-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol
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Antigens, Bacterial
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Antigens, CD1
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Antigens, CD1d
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CD1D protein, human
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Diglycerides
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Glycolipids
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Saponins
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Toll-Like Receptors
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cholesteryl 6-O-palmitoylgalactopyranoside