The influence of psychotherapeutic interventions on the long-term course of anxiety and depression of inpatients of a Gynaecological University Hospital was examined in a prospective naturalistic provision study. All patients admitted to hospital within a year were examined regarding anxiety and depression (HADS). The patients who had conspicuous values in their questionnaires were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. There was a follow-up examination for them one year after the first examination. In the first examination 715 participants took part, in the follow-up examination there were 429. Women with malignant gynaecological diseases suffer more severely from anxiety (t=7.02; p<0.001) and depression (t=3.87; p<0.001) in comparison with the normal population. Women suffering from general gynaecological (t=7.75; p<0.001) and obstetrical diseases (t=5.95; p<0.001) are significantly more anxious. Whereas the anxiety in patients with general gynaecological (F=3.02; p=0.031) as well as in patients with obstetrical diseases (F=3.52; p=0.017) can be reduced significantly in the long-term by psychotherapeutic interventions, depression cannot or only slightly be influenced. This shows that low-frequent psychotherapeutic interventions with psycho-educative, supportive approaches (e. g. in the framework of psychosomatic consultation and liaison service) have positive effects on anxiety in the long run, whereas depression is to be influenced rather by long-term interventions or classic depth-psychological or behaviour therapeutic interventions.