CD40 ligand enhances dengue viral infection of dendritic cells: a possible mechanism for T cell-mediated immunopathology

J Immunol. 2006 Nov 1;177(9):6497-503. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6497.

Abstract

We have previously shown that dengue virus (DV) productively infects immature human dendritic cells (DCs) through binding to cell surface DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin molecules. Infected DCs are apoptotic, refractory to TNF-alpha stimulation, inhibited from undergoing maturation, and unable to stimulate T cells. In this study, we show that maturation of infected DCs could be restored by a strong stimulus, CD40L. Addition of CD40L significantly reduced apoptosis of DCs, promoted IL-12 production, and greatly elevated the IFN-gamma response of T cells, but yet did not restore T cell proliferation in MLR. Increased viral infection of DCs was also observed; however, increased infection did not appear to be mediated by DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin, but rather was regulated by decreased production of IFN-alpha and decreased apoptotic death of infected DCs. Because CD40L is highly expressed on activated memory (but not naive) T cells, the observation that CD40L signaling results in enhanced DV infection of DC suggests a possible T cell-dependent mechanism for the immune-mediated enhancement of disease severity associated with some secondary dengue infections.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Apoptosis
  • Biomarkers / analysis
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • CD40 Ligand / physiology*
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / virology*
  • Dengue / immunology
  • Dengue Virus / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Th1 Cells / immunology
  • Up-Regulation

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Biomarkers
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Cytokines
  • ICAM3 protein, human
  • CD40 Ligand
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interferon-gamma