Pseudogene HMGA1L2 mRNA level was detected using RT-PCR in 50 cases of thyroid lesions. The results show that HMGA1L2 mRNA was found in all 12 cases of nodular goiter, all 9 cases of thyroid adenoma and all 15 cases of papillary carcinoma. In 14 cases of thyroid follicular carcinoma, However, the frequency of HMGA1L2 mRNA expression was 35.7%, which was significantly different from that in other types of thyroid lesions (P < 0.05). This is the first report of mRNA expression of pseudogene HMGA1L2 in nodular goiter and thyroid tumors. It indicate that pseudogene HMGA1L2 expression analysis could be helpful in differentiation between follicular carcinoma and adenoma.