Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-gamma production in monokine-activated natural killer cells

Blood. 2007 Mar 15;109(6):2481-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-050096. Epub 2006 Nov 16.

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to host immunity, including tumor surveillance, through the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Although there is some knowledge about molecular mechanisms that induce IFN-gamma in NK cells, considerably less is known about the mechanisms that reduce its expression. Here, we investigate the role of the Hlx transcription factor in IFN-gamma production by NK cells. Hlx expression is induced in monokine-activated NK cells, but with delayed kinetics compared to IFN-gamma. Ectopic Hlx expression decreases IFN-gamma synthesis in primary human NK cells and IFN-gamma promoter activity in an NK-like cell line. Hlx protein levels inversely correlate with those of STAT4, a requisite factor for optimal IFN-gamma transcription. Mechanistically, we provide evidence indicating that Hlx overexpression accelerates dephosphorylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of the active Y693-phosphorylated form of STAT4. Thus, Hlx expression in activated NK cells temporally controls and limits the monokine-induced production of IFN-gamma, in part through the targeted depletion of STAT4.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Down-Regulation*
  • Genes, Homeobox / genetics
  • Homeodomain Proteins / genetics
  • Homeodomain Proteins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis*
  • Interferon-gamma / genetics
  • Killer Cells, Natural / drug effects*
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Monokines / pharmacology*
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / metabolism
  • STAT4 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors / deficiency
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • HLX protein, human
  • Hlx protein, mouse
  • Homeodomain Proteins
  • Monokines
  • STAT4 Transcription Factor
  • Transcription Factors
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex