Despite major developments in targeted biologic agents, patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer have a poor prognosis. Recent development of targeted biologic agents have given us insight into possibilities of matching therapy with disease; however, the success of these agents has been marginal. In this article, we discuss the use of genomic signatures that have been developed to identify unique aspects of individual lung tumors and provide insight on how novel strategies can be used to identify populations susceptible to specific targeted agents.