Abstract
NDRG1 is a hypoxia-inducible protein, whose modulated expression is associated with the progression of human cancers. Here, we reveal that NDRG1 is markedly upregulated in the cytoplasm and on the membrane in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We demonstrate further that hypoxic stress increases the cytoplasmic expression of NDRG1 in vitro, but does not result in its localization on the plasma membrane. However, grown within an HCC-xenograft in vivo, cells express NDRG1 in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane. In conclusion, hypoxia is a potent inducer of NDRG1 in HCCs, albeit requiring additional stimuli within the tumour microenvironment for its recruitment to the membrane.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / genetics
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / metabolism*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / chemistry
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Membrane / metabolism
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Cytoplasm / metabolism
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Gene Expression
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Humans
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Hypoxia / metabolism*
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / chemistry
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / genetics
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism
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In Vitro Techniques
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / chemistry
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / genetics
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism*
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Liver Neoplasms / genetics
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Liver Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Nude
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Neoplasm Transplantation
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Transplantation, Heterologous
Substances
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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HIF1A protein, human
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 protein