Introduction: Acute Hepatic Insufficiency (AHI) is a rare syndrome but has a high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of AHI.
Materials and methods: Open study, prospective, descriptive of patients diagnosed with AHI in the Liver Unit of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins State Hospital (HNERM) from February 1999 until January 2003.
Results: Fifteen (15) cases were studied. The average age was 63 (30-81), the M-F ratio was 2/1. The diagnosis was viral Hepatitis B (53.3%), toxic idiosyncratic reactions (20%), undetermined (20%) and Hepatitis A (6.7%). At the time of diagnosis 80% had Grade I encephalopathy and 20% Grade III encephalopathy; 13.3% did not have ascites and 86.7% had mild-moderate ascites; 53.3% had a history of chronic illness (diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, cardiopathy and others). Average laboratory values were: albumin 2.5 gr./dl, bilirubin 25.9 mg/dl, prothrombin time 29 and Factor V 40.7%. The most frequent complications were sepsis and cerebral oedema. Global mortality was 80%. The average survival time was 16.6 days.
Conclusions: In most cases the patients were over 60 years of age. The main cause of AHI was viral Hepatitis B, a disease which can be prevented with active immunisation. Infection and cerebral oedema were common causes of death. AHI, although rare, is a rapidly degenerative and fatal condition.