The balanced placebo design: effects of alcohol and beverage instructions cannot be independently assessed

Int J Addict. 1991 Sep;26(9):963-72. doi: 10.3109/10826089109058933.

Abstract

Subjects were randomly assigned to the four cells of the balanced placebo design, with 10 males and 10 females per cell. Following told-alcohol or told-no alcohol beverage instruction manipulations, participants consumed either a vodka-tonic beverage containing a dose of vodka sufficient to induce a peak blood alcohol level of 0.05% or a beverage containing only tonic water. Subjects' self-report ratings of beverage alcohol content indicated that alcohol overrode the effects of beverage instructions in the told-tonic/given-alcohol condition. It was concluded that the design cannot independently evaluate effects of both alcohol and beverage instructions when behaviorally significant alcohol doses are administered.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Alcohol Drinking / blood
  • Alcohol Drinking / psychology*
  • Alcoholic Intoxication / blood
  • Alcoholic Intoxication / psychology
  • Arousal / drug effects*
  • Attention / drug effects*
  • Ethanol / pharmacokinetics
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Knowledge of Results, Psychological*
  • Male
  • Prospective Studies
  • Set, Psychology*

Substances

  • Ethanol