Presented neuropsychological data from 20 patients between the ages of 4 and 9 years, who had undergone liver transplantation at least 12 months prior to study participation, and compared them to a control group of 20 children with cystic fibrosis. The liver transplant group showed deficits in VIQ, PIQ, visual-spatial and abstraction/reasoning skills, but not in alertness/concentration, motor, or sensory-perceptual functions. On motor and sensory-perceptual tests, no differences were found in direction of lateralization of deficits. Visual-spatial deficits found in this study sample are similar to those found in adults with end-stage liver disease and in a previous report of an overall older group of children following liver transplantation. However younger children have greater evidence of generalized impairment and VIQ deficits which have not been found in older groups. Findings are discussed in relation to possible etiology, location of brain damage, and clinical implications.