We present the case of a 60-year-old man with carcinoma in situ of the urethra after previous successful radiotherapy of an invasive bladder tumor. Intraurethral instillations with bacillus Calmette-Guérin were given. In spite of initial success, recurrences developed after two courses of 12 intraurethral instillations, and radical surgery was performed. The use of bacillus Calmette-Guérin is reviewed with regard to the locations of superficial transitional cell carcinoma outside the bladder cavity.